JJMLL » JJMLL Issues
Avoidance of Association Line Crossing in Prosodic Structure: An Examination of Non-Local Compensatory Lengthening in Colloquial Persian
Abstract
This study examines how association line crossing in prosodic structure, as well as a bad sonority contour triggered by a glottal approximant in postconsonantal position, is avoided by non-local Compensatory Lengthening (CL) that invokes the double flop operation concerning Colloquial Persian. The study concludes that non-local CL in Colloquial Persian relies on Flop and Spread. After the deletion of a glottal consonant in the postconsonantal position that conforms to Weight-By-Position (WBP), the remaining postvocalic consonant is delinked from its mora and flops to the floating mora of the deleted glottal stop. The stem vowel would have an opportunity to spread to the adjacent mora to lengthen. This study also shows that the framework of Optimality Theory (OT) can support the double flop operation in non-local CL.
Keywords: Colloquial Persian; Non-local CL; Crossing association lines; Spread and Flop; OT.
Authors: Mufleh Salem M. Alqahtani
Doi: https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.15.2.5
Cited by: Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures (JJMLL) 2023, 15 (2): 473-496
Full text
References
Almashaqba, B. M. 2015. The phonology and morphology of wadi ramm Arabic. PhD. diss., University of Salford, the UK.
Alqahtani, Mufleh Salem M. 2020. The Phonological Opacity of Local Compensatory Lengthening in Modern Colloquial Persian: A Stratal Optimality Theoretic Approach. SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 17 (5): 3-26. http://www.skase.sk/Volumes/JTL47/pdf_doc/01.pdf
Amini, Afsaneh. 1997. On Stress in Persian. Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics 16 (1):1-20. https://twpl.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/twpl/article/view/6296/3284
Archangeli, Diana Bennett. 1984. Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology. PhD diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
Aronow, Robin, Brian D. McHugh & Tessa Molnar. 2017. A pilot acoustic study of Modern Persian vowels in colloquial speech. Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (17):1–7. http://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/PLSA/article/viewFile/4059/3790
Bijankhan, Mahmood. 2000. Farsi Vowel Compensatory Lengthening: An Experimental Approach. In Sixth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (2): 507-510. https://asa.isca-speech.org/archive/pdfs/icslp_2000/bijankhan00_icslp.pdf
Byrd, Andrew, and Ryan Sandell. 2015. Extrametricality and Non-Local Compensatory Lengthening: The Case of ‘Szemerényi’s Law’. In 89th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America: 1-13. https://www.academia.edu/10119139/Extrametricality_and_Non_Local_Compensatory_Lengthening_The_Case_of_Szemere_nyis_Law
Darzi, Ali. 1991. Compensatory Lengthening in Modern Colloquial Tehrani Farsi. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 21 (1): 23-37. file:///C:/Users/ssll2/Downloads/studiesinlinguis211991univ.pdf
Elwell-Sutton, Laurence P. 1976. The Persian Meters: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Flemming, Edward. 2004. Contrast and perceptual distinctiveness. In B. Hayes, R. Kirchner and D. Steriade (eds.), phonetically based phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004: 232-276. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1045.2664&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Giunashvili, Dzhemshid. 1965. Sistema Fonem Literatumogo Persidskogo Jazyka. Trudy Tbilisskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta 116: 87-141.
Goldsmith, John. 1976. An Overview of Autosegmental Phonology. Linguistic analysis 2: 23–68.
Hall, Mahnaz. 2007. Phonological characteristics of Farsi speakers of English and l1 Australian English speakers’ perceptions of proficiency. MA thesis, University of Curtin, Croatia.
Hayes, Bruce. 1979. The Rhythmic Structure of Persian Verse. EDEBIYAT 4: 193–242.
Hayes, Bruce. 1989. Compensatory lengthening in moraic phonology. Linguistic Inquiry 20 (2): 253–306. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.451.5442&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Hayes, Bruce. 1995. Metrical Stress Theory: Principles and Case Studies. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
Heidarizadi, Reza. 2014. Phonological Change of Vowel Length in Farsi. SOCRATES 2: 50–55. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5575884
Hosseini, S. 2014. The phonology and phonetics of prosodic prominence in Persian. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tokyo.
Kambuziya, Aliyeh KZ, Amir Ghorbanpour, and Nader Mahdipour. 2017. Vowel Shortening In Persian: A Phonological Analysis. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 53 (3): 373-397. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/psicl-2017-0014/html
Kavitskaya, Darya. 2001. Glottal stops and compensatory lengthening. Retrieved from https://www.meertens.knaw.nl/glow2002/kavitskaya.pdf
Kavitskaya, Darya. 2002. Compensatory Lengthening: Phonetics, Phonology, Diachrony. London: Routledge.
Kawahara, Shigeto. 2007. Copying and spreading in phonological theory: Evidence from echo epenthesis. In L. Bateman and A. Werle (eds.), Papers in Optimality Theory III. Amherst: GLSA Publications: 111-143. http://user.keio.ac.jp/~kawahara/pdf/kawa_UMOP32.pdf
Ladefoged, Peter, and Maddieson Ian. 1996. The Sounds of the World's Languages.Vol. 1012. Oxford: Blackwell.
Mahootian, Shahrzad. 1997. Persian: Descriptive Grammar. London: Routledge.
Matthews, W. K. 1956. The systematization of Persian phonemes. Le Mai'tre Phonetique 3 34: 2-6.
McCarthy, John J. 2008. The Gradual Path to Cluster Simplification. Phonology 25: 271–319. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1083&context=linguist_faculty_pubs
McCarthy, John, and Prince Alan. 1995. Faithfulness and Reduplicative Identity. Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series 10: 1-136. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=linguist_faculty_pubs
Miller, Corey. 2013. Variation in Persian Vowel Systems. Orientalia Suecana 61: 156–169. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:657365/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Nespor, Marina, and Irene Vogel. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Foris Publication: Dordrecht, Holland.
Pierrehumbert, Janet, and David Talkin. 1992. Lenition of/h/and Glottal Stop. Papers in Laboratory Phonology II: Gesture, Segment, Prosody: 90-117.
Pulleyblank, D. 1983. Tone in lexical phonology. PhD. diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
Rahbar, E. R. 2012. Aspects of Persian phonology and morpho-phonology. PhD. Diss., University of Toronto, Canada.
Rahmani, H. 2019. An evidence based new analysis of Persian word prosody. PhD. diss., Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherland.
Rose, Sharon, and Rachel Walker. 2011. Harmony systems. The Handbook of Phonological Theory 2: 240-290. https://pages.ucsd.edu/~rose/RoseWalkerHarmonysystemsch8.pdf
Sadeghi, Vahid. 2011. Laryngealization and breathiness in Persian. In Twelfth Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, Florence, Italy.
Sadeghi, Vahid. 2014. "Optionality and Gradience in Persian Phonology: An Optimality Treatment." Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies 6 (1(: 157-182. https://ijals.usb.ac.ir/article_1995_e1d3096b2d86a5c7075b382503d07c4a.pdf
Sagey, E. 1986. The representation of features and relations in non-linear phonology. PhD. diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
S̲amarah, Yad Allah. 1977. The arrangement of segmental phonemes in Farsi. University of Tehran, Iran.
Samko, Bern. 2011. Compensatory Lengthening in Harmonic Serialism. Qualifying Paper, University of California, Santa Cruz: 1-47. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.387.417 6&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Sumner, Meghan. 1999. Compensatory lengthening as coalescence: analysis and implications. In Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics 18: 532-44. http://web.stanford.edu/~sumner/Publications/1999_Sumner_CompLeng.pdf
Walker, R 1998. Nasalization, neutral segments, and opacity effects. PhD. Diss., University of California Santa Cruz, USA.
Williams, Edwin S. 1976. Underlying tone in Margi and Igbo. Linguistic Inquiry: 463-484. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4177935
Windfuhr, Gernot L. 1979. Persian Grammar: History and State of its Study. Trends in Linguistics 12. Mouton Publishers.
Windfuhr, Gernot L. 1987. Persian. In Bernard Comrie (ed.), The world’s major languages, 523–546. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zec, Draga. 1995. Sonority constraints on syllable structure. Phonology 12 (1): 85-129.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/phonology/article/abs/sonority-constraints-on-syllable-structure/83286964FF75CDE6D87F39BCFFF6553D
Copyright © 2006-2022. All Rights Reserved, Yarmouk University
