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Assessment of
Health Risks for
Heavy Metals in
Iraqi, Iranian
and Turkish of
Cheese Samples
Available of
Iraqi Markets
Ruaa R. Muneam and Ali
Abid Abojassim
Department
of Physics,
Faculty of
Science,
University of
Kufa, Iraq.
Corresponding
Author:
Ali Abid
Abojassim
Email:
ali.alhameedawi@uokufa.edu.iq
Doi: https://doi.org/10.47011/16.4.12
Cited by :
Jordan J. Phys.,
16 (4) (2023)
491-500
PDF
Received
on:
28/12/2021;
Accepted
on:
22/02/2022
Abstract:
The
purpose
of the
study
was to
determine
the
concentration
of Pb,
Cd, and
Cr in a
number
of
selected
cheese
samples
in Iraqi
markets,
both
locally
produced
and
imported
from
Iran and
Turkey.
This
assessment
was
carried
out
through
the
application
of
atomic
absorption
spectroscopy.
In the
current
investigation,
human
health
risk
parameters,
such as
estimated
daily
intake
(EDI),
target
hazard
quotient
(THQ),
hazard
index
(HI),
and
carcinogenic
risk
(CR),
were
evaluated
in all
tested
cheese
samples.
The
evaluation
of the
r lead
assay
for
Iraqi,
Iranian,
and
Turkish
cheese
samples
yielded
the
following
average
values:
2.88
±
0.43,
4.33
± 0.57,
and 3.89
±
0.63 in
units of
mg/kg,
respectively.
In the
case of
cadmium,
the
values
were
0.131
±
0.02,
0.135
± 0.03,
and
0.167
± 0.032,
respectively,
whereas
chromium
values
were
0.015
±
0.01,
0.183
± 0.12,
and 0.105
± 0.07,
respectively.
The
average
values
of HI
for
Iraqi,
Iranian,
and
Turkish
samples
were
0.352 ±
0.05,
0.526 ±
0.07,
and
0.483 ±
0.26,
respectively.
Additionally,
the
average
values
of CR×10-6
for Pb,
Cd, and
Cr
concentrations
in Iraqi
samples
were
0.004 ±
0.0006,
0.297 ±
0.05,
and 0.09
± 0.08,
respectively.
Meanwhile,
the
corresponding
values
for
Iranian
and
Turkish
samples
were
0.006 ±
0.0007,
1.13 ±
0.0007,
and
0.0056 ±
0.7, and
0.005 ±
0.0008,
0.37 ±
0.07,
and 0.65
± 0.4,
respectively.
The
heavy
metal
content
in the
Iraqi
samples
was
lower
than in
Iranian
and
Turkish
samples.
Also, no
statistical
significance
was
found
when
comparing
the
Iranian
and
Turkish
samples,
where
the
P-value
was
greater
than
0.05.
Most of
the
values
of Pb,
Cd, and
Cr
concentrations
were
above
the
permissible
limits
according
to EU
regulations.
However,
the
health
risk
parameters
were
within
the
globally
accepted
limits.
Therefore,
the
majority
of the
investigated
cheese
samples
have no
health
risks
when
used by
Iraqi
customers.
Keywords:
Heavy
metal,
Health
risk,
Canned
cheese,
Iraqi
markets.
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