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Chemical
Characterization
of Harmattan
Dust across Oyo
and Minna,
Nigeria
O. A. Falaiyea
and F. O. Awedab*
a
Department of
Physics,
University of
Ilorin, Ilorin,
Nigeria.
b
Department of
Physics and
Solar Energy,
Bowen
University, Iwo,
Osun State,
Nigeria.
francisaweda@gmail.com
Doi :
10.47011/13.1.2
Cited by :
Jordan J. Phys.,
13 (1) (2020)
17-28
PDF
Received
on:
12/01/2019;
Accepted
on:
15/10/2019
Abstract:
Harmattan
dust
haze in
Nigeria
is due
to
annual
deposition
of very
fine
dust
particles
as a
result
of both
natural
and
human
activities.
There
are
scanty
reports
on the
mineralogical,
elemental
and
heavy
metal
composition
in the
Harmattan
dust
blowing
across
the
country
to
support
the
presence
of
minerals
and
elements
in the
Harmattan
dust.
The aim
of this
study is
to
assess
minerals
and
elemental
compositions
of
Harmattan
dust
variations
across
Oyo (7032'N,
3025'E)
and
Minna (9035'N,
6032'E),
Nigeria.
Harmattan
dust
samples
were
collected
using
clean
plastic
bowls of
10 cm
diameter
and
analysis
was
conducted
on the
samples
collected
at the
two
stations
using
Fourier
Transform
Infrared
Spectroscopy
(FTIR),
X-ray
Fluoresence
(XRF),
Particle
Induced
X-ray
Emission
(PIXE)
and
Atomic
Absorption
Spectroscopy
(AAS).
It was
observed
that
elements,
such as
K, Ca,
Ti, Mn,
Fe, Ni,
Cu, Zn,
Mo, As,
Zr, Pb,
V, Sr,
Cr and
Ce, were
present
in
different
concentrations
in the
samples
collected.
Minerals,
such as
Quartz [SiO2],
Rutile [TiO2],
Periclase
[MgO],
Corundum
[Al2O3],
Hematite
[Fe2O3],
Cuprite
[Cu2O],
Baddeleyite
[ZrO2],
Litharge
[PbO],
Monazite
[P2O5],
Zincite
[ZnO],
Montroydite
[HgO]
and Lime
[CaO],
were
present
in the
samples
collected
at each
station
in
different
proportions.
The soil
mass
concentration
of the
elements
was
calculated
and
observed
to be
3.5179μg
m3
at
Oyo and
3.4745μg
m3
at
Minna.
It was
observed
that the
Harmattan
dusts
moving
across
Nigeria
have
almost
all the
elements
present
in
Harmattan
dust
varying
from
station
to
station
as the
dust is
moving
towards
the
south of
the
country.
The
study
concluded
that the
elemental
composition
of the
dust
samples
analyzed
revealed
that the
percentage
compositions
of some
elements
are
higher
than the
acceptable
WHO
standard
values,
which
may
affect
human
health.
It is
therefore
recommended
that
adequate
precautionary
measures
and
policies
should
be made
to help
mitigate
the
effects
of high
elemental
concentrations
observed.
Keywords:
FTIR,
PIXE,
XRF, AAS,
Mineralogy
and
element
composition.
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